fields and particles in particle physics
and in the standard model of particle physics:
matter field fermions (spinors, Dirac fields)
flavors of fundamental fermions in the standard model of particle physics: | |||
---|---|---|---|
generation of fermions | 1st generation | 2nd generation | 3d generation |
quarks () | |||
up-type | up quark () | charm quark () | top quark () |
down-type | down quark () | strange quark () | bottom quark () |
leptons | |||
charged | electron | muon | tauon |
neutral | electron neutrino | muon neutrino | tau neutrino |
bound states: | |||
mesons | light mesons: pion () ρ-meson () ω-meson () f1-meson a1-meson | strange-mesons: ϕ-meson (), kaon, K*-meson (, ) eta-meson () charmed heavy mesons: D-meson (, , ) J/ψ-meson () | bottom heavy mesons: B-meson () ϒ-meson () |
baryons | nucleons: proton neutron |
(also: antiparticles)
hadrons (bound states of the above quarks)
minimally extended supersymmetric standard model
bosinos:
dark matter candidates
Exotica
algebraic quantum field theory (perturbative, on curved spacetimes, homotopical)
quantum mechanical system, quantum probability
interacting field quantization
Quantum hadrodynamics is (or should be) an effective field theory that describes confined hadron bound states in nuclear physics, in particular the interaction between mesons and baryons and specifically with nucleons.
In this sense chiral perturbation theory is the archetype of quantum hadrodynamics, but the latter term is commonly used more specifically for the Walecka model and its generalizations (QHD-I Walecka 74 and QHD-II Serot 79, Serot-Walecka 92, Serot-Walecka 97) to baryon chiral perturbation theory, where the baryons and specifically the nucleons appear as explicit effective fields (as opposed to as emergent Skyrmion fields).
effective field theories of nuclear physics, hence for confined-phase quantum chromodynamics:
See also the references at chiral perturbation theory
On quantum hadrodynamics (relativivist effective field theory of nuclear physics, coupling mesons and nucleons) in the sense of the Walecka model, hence with nucleons appearing as explicit fields (as opposed to being solitonic Skyrmions in the pion field as in chiral perturbation theory).
Precursor:
The original Walecka model (QHD-I model), with nucleons coupled to sigma-mesons and omega-mesons:
Inclusion into the Walecka model also of the pion and the rho-meson (the QHD-II model):
Brian Serot, A relativistic nuclear field theory with and mesons, Physics Letters B Volume 86, Issue 2, 24 (1979), Pages 146-150 (doi:10.1016/0370-2693(79)90804-9)
T Matsui, Brian Serot, The pion propagator in relativistic quantum field theories of the nuclear many-body problem, Annals of Physics Volume 144, Issue 1, November 1982, Pages 107-167 (doi:10.1016/0003-4916(82)90106-3)
Further discussion of these models:
S. A. Chin, A relativistic many-body theory of high density matter, Annals of Physics Volume 108, Issue 2, October 1977, Pages 301-367 (doi:10.1016/0003-4916(77)90016-1)
Brian Serot, John Dirk Walecka, The Relativistic Nuclear Many Body Problem, Adv. Nucl. Phys. 16 (1986) 1-327 (spire:207866)
Brian Serot, Quantum hadrodynamics, Reports on Progress in Physics, Volume 55, Number 11 (1992) (doi:10.1088/0034-4885/55/11/001)
Brian Serot, John Dirk Walecka, Chiral QHD with vector mesons, Acta Phys. Polon. B 23 (1992) 655-679 (spire:343513)
Maciej Nowak, Mannque Rho, Ismail Zahed, Chiral Nuclear Dynamics, World Scientific 1996 (doi:10.1142/1681)
Brian Serot, John Dirk Walecka, Recent Progress in Quantum Hadrodynamics, Int. J. Mod. Phys. E6:515-631, 1997 (arXiv:nucl-th/9701058)
R. V. Poberezhnyuk, V. Vovchenko, D. V. Anchishkin, M. I. Gorenstein, Quantum van der Waals and Walecka models of nuclear matter (arXiv:1708.05605)
Further inclusion of electromagnetism (photon field):
Relation to quark-meson coupling model:
On light-front QCD for quantum hadrodynamics:
International Light Cone Advisory Committee, Light-Front Quantum Chromodynamics: A framework for the analysis of hadron physics, Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements Volumes 251–252, June–July 2014, Pages 165-174 (arXiv:1309.6333, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2014.05.004)
Edward Shuryak, Ismail Zahed, Hadronic structure on the light-front I: Instanton effects and quark-antiquark effective potentials (arXiv:2110.15927)
Edward Shuryak, Ismail Zahed, Hadronic structure on the light-front II: QCD strings, Wilson lines and potentials (arXiv:2111.01775)
Inclusion of vector mesons (omega-meson and rho-meson/A1-meson) into the Skyrmion model of quantum hadrodynamics, in addition to the pion:
First, on the equivalence between hidden local symmetry- and massive Yang-Mills theory-description of Skyrmion quantum hadrodynamics:
See also
Original proposal for inclusion of the ω-meson in the Skyrme model:
Relating to nucleon-scattering:
Combination of the omega-meson-stabilized Skyrme model with the bag model for nucleons:
Discussion of nucleon phenomenology for the -stabilized Skyrme model:
Sven Bjarke Gudnason, James Martin Speight, Realistic classical binding energies in the -Skyrme model (arXiv:2004.12862)
Derek Harland, Paul Leask, Martin Speight, Skyrmion crystals stabilized by -mesons [arXiv:2404.11287]
Original proposal for inclusion of the ρ-meson:
Y. Igarashi, M. Johmura, A. Kobayashi, H. Otsu, T. Sato, S. Sawada, Stabilization of Skyrmions via -Mesons, Nucl.Phys. B259 (1985) 721-729 (spire:213451, doi:10.1016/0550-3213(85)90010-0)
Gregory Adkins, Rho mesons in the Skyrme model, Phys. Rev. D 33, 193 (1986) (spire:16895, doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.33.193)
Discussion for phenomenology of light atomic nuclei:
Carlos Naya, Paul Sutcliffe, Skyrmions and clustering in light nuclei, Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 232002 (2018) (arXiv:1811.02064)
Carlos Naya, Paul Sutcliffe, Skyrmions in models with pions and rho, JHEP 05 (2018) 174 (arXiv:1803.06098)
APS Synopsis: Revamping the Skyrmion Model, 2018
See also:
The resulting -- model:
Ulf-G. Meissner, Ismail Zahed, Skyrmions in the Presence of Vector Mesons, Phys. Rev. Lett. 56, 1035 (1986) (doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.56.1035)
(includes also the A1-meson)
Ulf-G. Meissner, Norbert Kaiser, Wolfram Weise, Nucleons as skyrme solitons with vector mesons: Electromagnetic and axial properties, Nuclear Physics A Volume 466, Issues 3–4, 11–18 May 1987, Pages 685-723 (doi:10.1016/0375-9474(87)90463-5)
Ulf-G. Meissner, Norbert Kaiser, Andreas Wirzba, Wolfram Weise, Skyrmions with and Mesons as Dynamical Gauge Bosons, Phys. Rev. Lett. 57, 1676 (1986) (doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.57.1676)
Ulf-G. Meissner, Low-energy hadron physics from effective chiral Lagrangians with vector mesons, Physics Reports Volume 161, Issues 5–6, May 1988, Pages 213-361 (doi:10.1016/0370-1573(88)90090-7)
L. Zhang, Nimai C. Mukhopadhyay, Baryon physics from mesons: Leading order properties of the nucleon and in the chiral soliton model, Phys. Rev. D 50, 4668 (1994) (doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.50.4668, spire:384906)
Yong-Liang Ma, Ghil-Seok Yang, Yongseok Oh, Masayasu Harada, Skyrmions with vector mesons in the hidden local symmetry approach, Phys. Rev. D87:034023, 2013 (arXiv:1209.3554)
Ju-Hyun Jung, Ulugbek T. Yakhshiev, Hyun-Chul Kim, In-medium modified -- mesonic Lagrangian and properties of nuclear matter, Physics Letters B Volume 723, Issues 4–5, 25 June 2013, Pages 442-447 (arXiv:1212.4616, doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2013.05.042)
Ju-Hyun Jung, Ulugbek Yakhshiev, Hyun-Chul Kim, Peter Schweitzerm, In-medium modified energy-momentum tensor form factors of the nucleon within the framework of a -- soliton model, Phys. Rev. D 89, 114021 (2014) (arXiv:1402.0161)
Yongseok Oh, Skyrmions with vector mesons revisited (arXiv:1402.2821)
See also
Review:
Roland Kaiser, Anomalies and WZW-term of two-flavour QCD, Phys. Rev. D63:076010, 2001 (arXiv:hep-ph/0011377, spire:537600)
Gottfried Holzwarth, Section 2.3 of: Electromagnetic Form Factors of the Nucleon in Chiral Soliton Models (arXiv:hep-ph/0511194), Chapter 2 in: The Multifaceted Skyrmion, World Scientific 2016 (doi:10.1142/9710)
Yongseok Oh, Skyrmions with vector mesons: Single Skyrmion and baryonic matter, 2013 (pdf)
Combination of the omega-rho-Skyrme model with the bag model of quark confinement:
Inclusion of the sigma-meson:
For analysis of neutron star equation of state:
Inclusion of heavy flavors into the Skyrme model for quantum hadrodynamics:
Inclusion of strange quarks/kaons into the Skyrme model:
Curtis Callan, Igor Klebanov, Bound-state approach to strangeness in the Skyrme model, Nuclear Physics B Volume 262, Issue 2, 16 December 1985, Pages 365-382 (doi10.1016/0550-3213(85)90292-5)
Curtis Callan, K. Hornbostel, Igor Klebanov, Baryon masses in the bound state approach to strangeness in the skyrme model, Physics Letters B Volume 202, Issue 2, 3 March 1988, Pages 269-275 (doi10.1016/0370-2693(88)90022-6)
Norberto Scoccola, D. P. Min, H. Nadeau, Mannque Rho, The strangeness problem: An skyrmion with vector mesons, Nuclear Physics A Volume 505, Issues 3–4, 25 December 1989, Pages 497-524 (doi:10.1016/0375-9474(89)90029-8)
Review:
Igor Klebanov, section 6 of: Strangeness in the Skyrme model, in: D. Vauthrin, F. Lenz, J. W. Negele, Hadrons and Hadronic Matter, Plenum Press 1989 (doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-1336-6)
Mannque Rho, Section 2.2 of: Cheshire Cat Hadrons, Phys. Rept. 240 (1994) 1-142 (arXiv:hep-ph/9310300, doi:10.1016/0370-1573(94)90002-7)
Inclusion of charm quarks/D-mesons into the Skyrme model:
Mannque Rho, D. O. Riska, Norberto Scoccola, Charmed baryons as soliton - D meson bound states, Phys. Lett.B 251 (1990) 597-602 (spire:297771, doi:10.1016/0370-2693(90)90802-D)
Yongseok Oh, Dong-Pil Min, Mannque Rho, Norberto Scoccola, Massive-quark baryons as skyrmions: Magnetic moments, Nuclear Physics A Volume 534, Issues 3–4 (1991) Pages 493-512 (doi:10.1016/0375-9474(91)90458-I)
Inclusion of further heavy flavors beyond strange quark/kaons, namely charm quarks/D-mesons and bottom quarks/B-mesons, into the Skyrme model:
Mannque Rho, D. O. Riska, Norberto Scoccola, The energy levels of the heavy flavour baryons in the topological soliton model, Zeitschrift für Physik A Hadrons and Nuclei volume 341, pages 343–352 (1992) (doi:10.1007/BF01283544)
Arshad Momen, Joseph Schechter, Anand Subbaraman, Heavy Quark Solitons: Strangeness and Symmetry Breaking, Phys. Rev. D49:5970-5978, 1994 (arXiv:hep-ph/9401209)
Yongseok Oh, Byung-Yoon Park, Dong-Pil Min, Heavy Baryons as Skyrmion with Corrections, Phys. Rev. D49 (1994) 4649-4658 (arXiv:hep-ph/9402205)
Review:
Mannque Rho, Massive-quark baryons as Skyrmions, Modern Physics Letters A, Vol. 06, No. 23 (1991) (doi:10.1142/S0217732391002268)
Norberto Scoccola, Heavy quark skyrmions, (arXiv:0905.2722, doi:10.1142/9789814280709_0004), Chapter 4 in: The Multifaceted Skyrmion, World Scientific 2016 (doi:10.1142/9710)
The gauged WZW term of chiral perturbation theory/quantum hadrodynamics which reproduces the chiral anomaly of QCD in the effective field theory of mesons and Skyrmions:
The original articles:
Julius Wess, Bruno Zumino, Consequences of anomalous Ward identities, Phys. Lett. B 37 (1971) 95-97 (spire:67330, doi:10.1016/0370-2693(71)90582-X)
Edward Witten, Global aspects of current algebra, Nuclear Physics B Volume 223, Issue 2, 22 August 1983, Pages 422-432 (doi:10.1016/0550-3213(83)90063-9)
See also:
Corrections and streamlining of the computations:
Chou Kuang-chao, Guo Han-ying, Wu Ke, Song Xing-kang, On the gauge invariance and anomaly-free condition of the Wess-Zumino-Witten effective action, Physics Letters B Volume 134, Issues 1–2, 5 January 1984, Pages 67-69 (doi:10.1016/0370-2693(84)90986-9))
H. Kawai, S.-H. H. Tye, Chiral anomalies, effective lagrangians and differential geometry, Physics Letters B Volume 140, Issues 5–6, 14 June 1984, Pages 403-407 (doi:10.1016/0370-2693(84)90780-9)
J. L. Mañes, Differential geometric construction of the gauged Wess-Zumino action, Nuclear Physics B Volume 250, Issues 1–4, 1985, Pages 369-384 (doi:10.1016/0550-3213(85)90487-0)
Tomáš Brauner, Helena Kolešová, Gauged Wess-Zumino terms for a general coset space, Nuclear Physics B Volume 945, August 2019, 114676 (doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2019.114676)
See also
Interpretation as Skyrmion/baryon current:
Jeffrey Goldstone, Frank Wilczek, Fractional Quantum Numbers on Solitons, Phys. Rev. Lett. 47, 986 (1981) (doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.47.986)
Edward Witten, Current algebra, baryons, and quark confinement, Nuclear Physics B Volume 223, Issue 2, 22 August 1983, Pages 433-444 (doi:10.1016/0550-3213(83)90064-0)
Gregory Adkins, Chiara Nappi, Stabilization of Chiral Solitons via Vector Mesons, Phys. Lett. 137B (1984) 251-256 (spire:194727, doi:10.1016/0370-2693(84)90239-9)
(beware that the two copies of the text at these two sources differ!)
Mannque Rho et al., Introduction, In: Mannque Rho et al. (eds.) The Multifaceted Skyrmion, World Scientific 2016 (doi:10.1142/9710)
Concrete form for -flavor quantum hadrodynamics in 2d:
Concrete form for 2 flavors in 4d:
Concrete form for 2-flavor quantum hadrodynamics in 4d with light vector mesons included (omega-meson and rho-meson):
Ulf-G. Meissner, Ismail Zahed, equation (6) in: Skyrmions in the Presence of Vector Mesons, Phys. Rev. Lett. 56, 1035 (1986) (doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.56.1035)
Ulf-G. Meissner, Norbert Kaiser, Wolfram Weise, equation (2.18) in: Nucleons as skyrme solitons with vector mesons: Electromagnetic and axial properties, Nuclear Physics A Volume 466, Issues 3–4, 11–18 May 1987, Pages 685-723 (doi:10.1016/0375-9474(87)90463-5)
Ulf-G. Meissner, equation (2.45) in: Low-energy hadron physics from effective chiral Lagrangians with vector mesons, Physics Reports Volume 161, Issues 5–6, May 1988, Pages 213-361 (doi:10.1016/0370-1573(88)90090-7)
Roland Kaiser, equation (12) in: Anomalies and WZW-term of two-flavour QCD, Phys. Rev. D63:076010, 2001 (arXiv:hep-ph/0011377, spire:537600)
Including heavy scalar mesons:
specifically kaons:
Curtis Callan, Igor Klebanov, equation (4.1) in: Bound-state approach to strangeness in the Skyrme model, Nuclear Physics B Volume 262, Issue 2, 16 December 1985, Pages 365-382 (doi10.1016/0550-3213(85)90292-5)
Igor Klebanov, equation (99) of: Strangeness in the Skyrme model, in: D. Vauthrin, F. Lenz, J. W. Negele, Hadrons and Hadronic Matter, Plenum Press 1989 (doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-1336-6)
N. N. Scoccola, D. P. Min, H. Nadeau, Mannque Rho, equation (2.20) in: The strangeness problem: An skyrmion with vector mesons, Nuclear Physics A Volume 505, Issues 3–4, 25 December 1989, Pages 497-524 (doi:10.1016/0375-9474(89)90029-8)
specifically D-mesons:
(…)
specifically B-mesons:
Inclusion of heavy vector mesons:
specifically K*-mesons:
Including electroweak fields:
J. Bijnens, G. Ecker, A. Picha, The chiral anomaly in non-leptonic weak interactions, Physics Letters B Volume 286, Issues 3–4, 30 July 1992, Pages 341-347 (doi:10.1016/0370-2693(92)91785-8)
Gerhard Ecker, Helmut Neufeld, Antonio Pich, Non-leptonic kaon decays and the chiral anomaly, Nuclear Physics B Volume 413, Issues 1–2, 31 January 1994, Pages 321-352 (doi:10.1016/0550-3213(94)90623-8)
Discussion for the full standard model of particle physics:
Discussion of baryon chiral perturbation theory, i.e of chiral perturbation theory with explicit effective (as opposed to or in addition to implicit skyrmionic) baryon fields included (see also Walecka model and quantum hadrodynamics):
Review:
Ulf-G. Meissner, Chiral QCD: Baryon dynamics, in: At The Frontier of Particle Physics, pp. 417-505 (2001) (arxiv:hep-ph/0007092)
Véronique Bernard, Chiral Perturbation Theory and Baryon Properties, Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 60:82-160, 2008 (arXiv:0706.0312)
Stefan Scherer, Baryon chiral perturbation theory, PoS CD09:075, 2009 (arXiv:0910.0331)
Original articles:
Elizabeth Jenkins, Aneesh V. Manohar, Baryon chiral perturbation theory using a heavy fermion lagrangian, Physics Letters B Volume 255, Issue 4, 21 February 1991, Pages 558-562 (doi:10.1016/0370-2693(91)90266-S)
Robert Baur, Joachim Kambor, Generalized Heavy Baryon Chiral Perturbation Theory, Eur. Phys. J. C7:507-524, 1999 (arXiv:hep-ph/9803311)
Higher order terms:
José Antonio Oller, Michela Verbeni, Joaquim Prades, Meson-baryon effective chiral Lagrangians to , Journal of High Energy Physics, Volume 2006, JHEP09(2006) (arXiv:hep-ph/0608204, doi:10.1088/1126-6708/2006/09/079)
Matthias Frink, Ulf-G. Meissner, On the chiral effective meson-baryon Lagrangian at third order, Eur. Phys. J. A29:255-260, 2006 (arXiv:hep-ph/0609256)
Jose Antonio Oller, Joaquim Prades, Michela Verbeni, Meson-Baryon Effective Chiral Lagrangians at Revisited (arXiv:hep-ph/0701096, spire:742291)
See also:
Last revised on August 17, 2021 at 19:28:13. See the history of this page for a list of all contributions to it.